What are the two classifications of exogenous stains?

Exogenous stains are classified based on their origin, primarily focusing on whether they develop on the surface of the teeth or within the tooth structure itself. The correct classification of exogenous stains includes extrinsic and intrinsic stains.

Extrinsic stains occur on the outer layer of the tooth enamel, typically as a result of external factors such as food, beverages, tobacco, and poor oral hygiene. These stains can usually be removed through professional cleaning methods, such as dental prophylaxis or whitening treatments, since they do not penetrate below the enamel surface.

Intrinsic stains, on the other hand, originate from within the tooth. They can be caused by factors such as developmental disorders, certain medications taken during tooth formation (like tetracycline), or experiences during childhood such as exposure to excessive fluoride. Intrinsic stains are more challenging to treat, as they are integrated into the tooth structure and may require techniques like bleaching or restorative procedures to manage.

Understanding this distinction helps dental professionals identify the appropriate treatment methods and educate patients about maintaining oral health and minimizing staining.