What does the term 'overbite' refer to in dental practice?

The term 'overbite' specifically refers to the vertical overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors when the jaws are closed in a normal occlusion. This condition is a common feature in dental practice and is assessed during examinations of occlusion. In healthy occlusion, it is normal for the upper front teeth to slightly overlap the lower front teeth vertically, which can serve functional purposes during biting and chewing.

Vertical overlap is significant when evaluating malocclusions or any orthodontic considerations, as excessive or inadequate overbite can lead to various dental issues, including wear on the teeth, jaw discomfort, or aesthetic concerns. Understanding this concept is crucial for dental professionals, especially when addressing any functional or cosmetic issues related to the bite.

The other options represent different aspects of dental occlusion or jaw movement but do not accurately define 'overbite'. The horizontal space between the upper and lower incisors refers to a different occlusal relationship, while lateral movements of the jaw and thrusting forward pertain to functional movements but do not define the vertical overlap that characterizes an overbite.