What does total etch involve?

Total etch involves etching both the enamel and all involved dentin of the preparation. This technique is critical in creating a roughened surface that enhances the bonding strength of dental materials, such as composites, to the tooth structure. By targeting both enamel and dentin, total etch maximizes the effective area for adhesion and helps create a strong bond that is less likely to fail over time.

When using the total etch technique, a phosphoric acid solution is applied to the prepared tooth surface. The acid selectively demineralizes the enamel and dentin, creating micro-roughness that allows the bonding agent to penetrate, thus promoting a mechanical interlocking of the restorative material with the tooth structure. This technique is especially useful in situations where a strong bond is necessary for the longevity of the restoration, especially in areas subject to stress.

The other options do not encompass the full scope of what total etch achieves. Etching only the enamel neglects the dentin, reducing bond strength and potentially leading to failure. Merely cleaning the surface or polishing the composite does not involve the etching process necessary for effective bonding. Total etch is a comprehensive approach that ensures robust and reliable adhesion in dental restorations.