What is the major difference between first and second molars?

The major difference between first and second molars lies in the number of cusps and their respective anatomy. First molars typically have five cusps, which include the three major cusps (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and lingual) and two minor cusps (mesiolingual and distolingual). This configuration allows for a greater surface area for occlusal functions, such as grinding food, which is essential for proper mastication.

In contrast, second molars generally possess four cusps, consisting of two major cusps (mesiobuccal and distobuccal) and two minor cusps (mesiolingual and distolingual). The simplification in structure with a reduction in the number of cusps is one of the notable distinctions between these two types of molars.

Recognizing this anatomical difference is crucial for understanding dental anatomy, pathology, and treatment planning, as it can influence restorative procedures and the overall management of dental conditions.