Which class of restoration is primarily concerned with the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth?

The correct answer is focused on Class II restorations, which specifically address cavities on the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth, such as molars and premolars. These surfaces include those that are adjacent to neighboring teeth (mesial and distal surfaces) and are commonly affected by decay due to the difficulty of cleaning the areas between teeth.

Class II restorations typically involve more extensive labial or lingual access and often require the use of matrices to ensure proper contact with adjacent teeth during the restoration process. These restorations are essential for restoring function and aesthetics in the posterior region of the mouth, where the majority of chewing occurs.

In contrast, Class I restorations deal with cavities located solely on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth, Class III restorations focus on proximal surfaces of anterior teeth, and Class IV restorations involve proximal surfaces with incisal angles on anterior teeth. Understanding the classification of restorations is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment planning in dentistry.